Sepuluh Tahun yang lalu, tepatnya 6 Desember 2007, Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono menerbitkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 106 tentang Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah (LKPP). Perpres ini dapat dikatakan sebagai tonggak baru dimulainya reformasi pengadaan secara lebih efektif. Reformasi pengadaan mulai mendapatkan legitimasi yang kuat dengan terbentuknya LKPP.
Dengan adanya Lembaga ini diharapkan "pengadaan dapat dilaksanakan dengan lebih efektif dan
efisien serta lebih mengutamakan penerapan prinsip-prinsip persaingan
usaha yang sehat, transparan, terbuka dan perlakuan yang adil bagi
semua pihak, diperlukan perencanaan, pengembangan dan penyusunan
strategi, penentuan kebijakan serta aturan perundangan pengadaan
barang/jasa Pemerintah yang sesuai dengan tuntutan dan perkembangan
lingkungan internal maupun eksternal secara berkelanjutan, berkala,
terpadu, terarah dan terkoordinasi".
Melihat kembali sejarahnya, Lembaga yang dalam Indonesia Country Procurement Assesment Report, Bank Dunia, 27 Maret 2001 disebut National Public Procurement Office (NPPO) merupakan lembaga yang diperlukan untuk melakukan reformasi sistem pengadaan publik di Indonesia. Gagasan membentuk lembaga seperti NPPO pertama kali disampaikan Pemerintah Indonesia pada Pertemuan CGI di Tokyo Oktober 2000. Pada saat itu pengadaan sudah diatur dengan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 18 Tahun 2000 yang ditandatangani oleh Presiden Abdulrahman Wahid tanggal 21 Februari 2000.
Dalam Report tersebut, gagasan tentang LKPP adalah sebagai berikut:
"28. The need for procurement policy formulation at a national level, coupled with regulatory
and oversight responsibilities cannot be overstated. A central procurement policy entity
established by law with a clearly set mandate and staffed by a competent nucleus of professional
staff is key to putting in place a sustainable and comprehensive public procurement system
including the legal, policy and human resource capacity and to bring improvements in the public
procurement regime in Indonesia. Benefits of such an agency are that it provides the focus for
the formulation of the country’s procurement policy, and for keeping up-to-date the procurement
laws and regulations consistent with internationally accepted public procurement principles. It
provides oversight to ensure compliance with the law at all levels of Government, improves
transparency, and reduces chances of corruption and collusion.
29. The NPPO should not have any purchasing or contracting function, and it should not be a
layer in the procurement processes of the executing agencies.
30. Most countries have established similar units and their experience could be of help to
Indonesia in setting and making the NPPO fully operational. The US has the Office of Federal
Procurement Policy (part of the Executive Office of the President). The UK and Canada have
procurement policy units in the Treasury. Germany has such a unit in the Ministry of
Economics. Several countries such as Poland have placed the National Public Procurement
Office in the Office of the Prime Minister, and the EU countries are realizing the need to
establish such units to provide requisite level of attention and coordination at a national level.
31. Indonesia needs an agency National Public Procurement Office, NPPO – to be
responsible for:
· formulating the public procurement law, policies, the public procurement rules and
procedures, and standard bidding and contract documents for mandatory application by all
levels of government in Indonesia, and keeping them up-to-date with the international
practices,
· enhancing transparency through a Procurement Bulletin (see below),
· maintaining a data base on procurement complaints, a list of known and proven arbitrators,
and data on the resolution of complaints, and disseminating information,
· overseeing compliance with the public procurement rules and procedures to ensure that
public entities and bidders observe the laws and regulations in place, and observe the highest
standards of ethics during the procurement and execution of contracts and are held
accountable,
· ensuring, as part of its role to monitor compliance, that there are arrangements in place for
independent ex-post audits of procurement of a random sample of contracts at all levels of
government, and lessons learned to further improve the public procurement system are
disseminated,
disseminating procurement information to the various stakeholders,
· coordinating efforts to raise awareness, at all levels, of the need for efficient and clean
procurement, and
· preparing an annual report on public procurement for wider dissemination (to Parliament and
local legislatures, the Supreme Audit Agency and public).
32. Government could also consider mandating the NPPO with oversight of compliance by
provincial and district governments with the national procurement policy and procedures. The
NPPO should provide provincial and district governments access to national procurement
database and information. It could also set up offices in the provinces.
33. The NPPO should be led by professional staff of the highest integrity and probity, and with
a commitment to bringing sustainable and comprehensive improvements in the procurement
regime in Indonesia. They should also have the confidence of the various stakeholders
(government agencies, bidders, contractors, suppliers, consulting industry, and civil society).
The NPPO should be independent, and it should be provided with adequate budget and staff.
34. The work of the NPPO, and more generally the public procurement system should be
subject to a neutral oversight by civil society. It is recommended that Government invite civil
society to establish an anti-corruption watchdog group for public procurement, with independent
and qualified members chosen through a credible process, to advise the NPPO. Such a watchdog
group should not be funded either by Government or by donors to ensure there are no conflicts of
interest.
35. The NPPO with its oversight role and independent status should be the agency to fill the
absence of a credible complaint and review procedure to bidders who have a grievance on the
bidding process or contract award in the public procurement regime23. The UNCITRAL model
law provides guidance on setting up the review committee and the review procedure. Setting up
such a system and mandating the NPPO in the procurement law to facilitate and oversee the
process will encourage strict observance of the applicable rules by the tender committees and
project managers, and reduce outside influence. At the same time, it will contribute to public
confidence, in particular of the business community, which will result in better competition and
better prices.
36. In view of the urgency of establishing the NPPO to jump start the reform process, the
NPPO could be established immediately under a Presidential Decree. The Procurement Law
when enacted will however provide the legal basis for the NPPO."
Setelah 10 tahun Perpres 106 dan membaca kembali Report tahun 2000 itu (17 tahun kemudian), kita melihat bahwa banyak sekali gagasan yang sudah direalisasikan, bahkan banyak gagasan yang sudah jauh melampaui gagasan dalam laporan itu. Bahwa banyak yang masih harus dilakukan karena skala, jangkauan dan kecepatan perubahan isu pengadaan, rasanya kita optimis akan banyak yang bisa dilakukan ke depan.
(Keterangan foto: Pejabat LKPP pelantikan pertama 13 Mei 2008, Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 34/ M Tahun 2008, Presiden Republik Indonesia menetapkan mengangkat Dr. Ir. Roestam Syarief, M.N.R.M sebagai Kepala Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan Barang/ Jasa Pemerintah, Ir. Agus Rahardjo, M.S.M sebagai Sekretaris Utama, Dr. Ir. Agus Prabowo sebagai Deputi Bidang Pengembangan Strategis dan Kebijakan, Prof. Ir. Himawan Adinegoro M.Sc., D.F.T sebagai Deputi Bidang Monitoring Evaluasi dan Pengembangan Sistem Informasi, Ir. Eiko Whismulyadi, M.A sebagai Deputi Bidang Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Sumber Daya Manusia, Dr. S. Ruslan, S.E., M.S sebagai Deputi Bidang Hukum dan Penyelesaian Sanggah. )
12/12/17
Ikak G. Patriastomo
